Category: PHV Industry

If you want to drive as a minicab or app-based driver in London (for example with Uber, Bolt, or any licensed operator), you must obtain your PHV driver licensed from Transport for London (TfL).

This guide explains the application process for 2026:

• What you need before you apply
• What documents and codes TfL will ask for
• What the assessments are
• How long the process can take
• What the costs are

Important: Submitting an application does not guarantee a licence. TfL may request extra information during the process.

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✅ Step 0: Check you meet the basic eligibility

Before you start, make sure you meet TfL’s core requirements:

• You are 21 or older.
• You have held a full driving licence for at least 3 years.
• You have the right to live and work in the UK.
• You are considered medically fit (DVLA Group 2 standard).
• You are considered of good character (Enhanced DBS checks).

If any of your identity documents have different spellings or missing middle names, fix that first. TfL expects names to match across documents.

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???? Step 1: Create a TfL online account and start the application

Create your TfL TPH account here for making applications.

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???? Step 2: Gather your documents

Typical documents and proofs TfL may ask for include:

• Passport or other accepted identity document
• Driving licence
• Proof of address (for example: bank statement, council tax bill, utility bill)
• Right to work proof (if required)
• Photograph that meets TfL’s guidance

Overseas convictions checks / Certificate of Good Conduct (CoGC)

If you have lived outside the UK for one or more continuous periods of 3 months or more in the last 10 years (including extended vacations), TfL may require:

• A Living Abroad Details form (TPH/205), and
• A Certificate of Good Conduct (CoGC) from every relevant country

Official TfL guidance

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????️ Step 3: Enhanced DBS check + DBS Update Service (very important)

To be licensed, you must complete an Enhanced DBS check through TfL’s authorised provider.

You must also sign up to the DBS Update Service.

• TfL will not grant a licence unless you are registered.
• Once licensed, you must keep the subscription active.

For full instructions, see: How to apply for DBS check and DBS Update Service (TfL PHV Application)

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???? Step 4: DVLA Group 2 medical (fit to drive)

You must meet the DVLA Group 2 medical standard.

In most cases, you will need a medical examination with a medical professional who can access your full medical history.

You will need to have this form completed by a doctor.

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???? Step 5: HMRC tax check / tax obligations (don’t leave this late)

Tax rules depend on your situation.

• First-time applicants (never held a PHV driver licence before): you won’t need to provide a tax check. You only need to confirm you understand your tax responsibilities.
• If you currently hold, or previously held (within the last 12 months), a private hire driver licence with any licensing authority (not just TfL): you must complete a tax check and provide the tax check code.

A tax check code is time-limited (expires after 120 days), so only generate it when you are ready to submit.

For more information, see HMRC tax check guidance.

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???? Step 6: Pay the TfL fees

TfL publishes the fee table and warns that there is no fast-track service.

A typical example total often comes out around £538 (excluding the medical cost), depending on which assessments apply and your medical fee.

Service	Cost
Enhanced DBS check	£52 (online) / £54 (paper)
DBS Update Service	£16 per year*
Licence application fee	£138
Grant of licence fee	£205
Post Office® Check and Send	£7.15
Speaking and listening assessment (if applicable)	£40
Topographical assessment (if applicable)	£40
SERU assessment	£40
Medical	Fee set by the examining doctor (your GP)
Example total	£538 (excluding cost of medical)

*You must keep your DBS Update Service subscription active to be granted a licence.

Note: You should also budget for the cost of training and study materials too.

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???? Step 7: Wait for the invitation and then book your assessments

After you submit your application, TfL will review it. If everything is in order, TfL will invite you to book your assessments. The initial review can take 2 weeks to 3 months to receive your invitation.

In most cases, you will book the assessments through your TfL portal and they will be scheduled on the same day.

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???? Step 8: Prepare for, and pass, the assessments

TfL expects applicants to pass mandatory assessments before licensing.

For most new applicants, these include:

• SERU (Safety, Equality and Regulatory Understanding)
• Speaking and listening assessment (English requirement)
• Topographical assessment (map reading and route planning)

???? Preparing for the assessments

• • Practice timed questions (especially for SERU and Topographical).

• Seek one-to-one training if you need further help

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⏳ Step 9: Final review (the waiting period after you pass)

After passing the assessments, TfL carries out final checks before issuing the licence.

This final review is where many applicants feel “stuck” because the application is largely complete but TfL still needs to finish compliance checks.

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????️ Typical timeline (realistic expectations)

Timelines vary, but a common experience is:

• Initial review and invitation to book assessments can take weeks to a few months.
• Preparing for assessments takes 2 to 6 weeks
• Results for assessments often come within a few weeks.
• Final licence after passing can takes 6 months on average but can take longer, depending on TfL workload and whether any documents need clarification.

Overall, many applicants should plan for a long process and avoid leaving renewals or career plans to the last minute.

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⚠️ Common mistakes that delay PHV applications

1. Documents don’t match (name order, spelling, missing middle names)
2. Missing DBS Update Service registration
3. Uploading unclear photos/scans
4. Medical form issues (wrong doctor, missing sections, not stamped/dated)
5. Waiting too long to prepare for assessments
6. Generating an HMRC tax check code too early (it can expire)

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???? Need help with the application?

If you want support completing the TfL application correctly (documents, codes, DBS process, uploading, and submission), enquire about our PHV application service.

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???? Important TfL contact details

If you need to contact TfL about taxi & private hire licensing, these are commonly used contact options:

• Email (licensing support): tphlicensingsupport@tfl.gov.uk

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❓ Quick FAQs

What is the total wait time from start to finish?

12 to 18 months on average

Is there a fast-track option?

No. TfL warns that any third party selling a “fast-track” is fraudulent.

Do I need to retake the assessments every year?

No, once you pass your assessments you don’t need to retake them. Unless your license expires and you fail to apply for a renewal before the expiry date.

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???? Next steps

Before you get started, it is a good idea to understand what your expected earnings and costs might be.
You can estimate your earnings and costs depending on the hours and type of work you plan to to do, using our calculator: London Uber Driver Earnings Calculator

The TfL B1 Speaking & Listening test (also known as the English Language test, or simply B1) is a basic English communication assessment required by TfL. It checks that PHV drivers can understand passengers, speak clearly, and respond appropriately in everyday travel situations.

It is mandatory for all PHV applicants and TfL no longer accepts qualification-based exemptions (even if you have a degree or GCSE/college qualifications).

This guide summarises the format, timings, and question types using a real-style practice paper, plus the key rules PHV applicants usually ask about.

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Test length and structure

• Total time is usually 11–13 minutes.
• The test is split into 4 parts.
• You will speak with an examiner (the interlocutor).

Part 1: Personal questions (about 1.5–2.5 minutes)

This part is a short conversation about you.

You can expect:

• Identity checks and simple admin questions (for example, spelling your name)
• Everyday questions about your life and preferences

Example topic from the sample paper: sports and physical activities

• Do you enjoy sports or physical activities? Why or why not?
• What is your favourite way to stay active?
• How often do you exercise or play sports?
• Do you prefer indoor or outdoor activities?

Part 2: Role-play situations (about 3 minutes)

You will do short role-plays (usually two situations, sometimes three if time allows).

What this tests:

• Starting a conversation politely
• Asking for help
• Explaining a problem
• Responding appropriately

Examples from the sample paper:

• Doctor check-up: the interlocutor starts and you respond naturally.
• Clothing shop: you start by asking for help, then respond to questions.

Part 3: Discussion (about 3 minutes)

You will discuss a topic with the interlocutor. This is more like a structured conversation.

Example topic from the sample paper: healthy living

• What do you do to stay healthy?
• Is it easy or difficult to live a healthy lifestyle? Why?
• What changes would you like to make to improve your health?
• Is it important to include physical activities in schools for young students? Why or why not?

Part 4A: Listening, note-taking, and questions (about 3 minutes)

The interlocutor reads a short text twice.

You should:

• Listen carefully
• Take notes
• Answer questions based on what you heard

Example listening topic from the sample paper: drinking water

Typical question styles:

• A direct question about the main idea (Why is it important?)
• A detail question (How many glasses each day?)
• A benefits question (What are two benefits?)
• A simple multiple-choice comprehension question (for example, the tone: serious, informative, casual)

Part 4B: 1.5-minute talk + follow-up questions (about 2.5–3 minutes total)

You will speak on your own for about 1.5 minutes.

You get 30 seconds to prepare notes.

Example speaking task from the sample paper:

• Talk about: A healthy habit you have

Then the interlocutor asks follow-up questions, such as:

• How did you start this habit and why?
• How has it helped you in daily life?
• Would you recommend it to others? Why?
• How long does it take to adopt a new habit?

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Simple tips to score well

• Answer in full sentences. Avoid one-word replies.
• Explain “why”. It immediately makes your answer stronger.
• Use linking words like “because”, “for example”, “also”, “however”.
• In Part 4A, write keywords only (not full sentences) so you can keep listening.
• In Part 4B, keep a clear structure: start, explain, give an example, finish.

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Key FAQs (quick answers)

• Where is the test held? At TfL assessment centres in West Kensington and Greenwich (the same locations used for SERU and Topographical assessments).
• How much does it cost? Typically £36 for the first attempt, and £16 for a resit.
• When do you need to pass? You must pass before SERU and before your PHV licence can be issued.
• Can you work (Uber/Bolt) before passing? No. You cannot work until B1 is passed, SERU is passed, and your licence is issued.
• What happens if you fail? You must rebook and resit. You cannot take SERU or receive your PHV licence until you pass.
• When will TfL invite you to book? After your documents are approved, TfL invites you in the online portal.
• Do you have to write anything? No, but you can make notes.
• Can you skip questions and come back? No.
• Do you get partial marks? Yes, you can get marks for partially correct spoken answers.
• How is the test conducted? It is run at the TfL Assessment Centre, typically as a video call with an examiner.

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Want 1-to-1 help or a mock test?

If you want to prepare faster or build confidence, you can contact us to book:

• 1-to-1 Speaking & Listening lessons
• A full mock test (real format and timings)

Call: 020 3965 7202

Website: www.serupractice.com

Enhanced DBS + DBS Update Service (TfL PHV) — quick steps

1) Apply for the Enhanced DBS (TfL authorised provider)

Use the TfL authorised provider registration link:

Register on KnowYourPeople (KYP)

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Organization ID	ORG-2333DWY8
accessCode	tphcrb

2) Complete DBS application form

• Complete the online application.
• Your name must match across your documents and your TfL account.

3) Verify your identity at the Post Office

• Print the DBS Post Office verification summary.
• Take the verification summary and your documents to the Post Office.
• Complete verification at the Post Office.

4) Get your DBS application reference

Check your email for the DBS reference number (10-digit number often beginning with E0). You can use this when registering for the DBS Update Service. To subscribe using your application reference number, your application form must be received by DBS within 28 days.

5) Join the DBS Update Service (required)

Sign up here:

• Cost: £16 per year.
• You must keep the subscription active (do not let it lapse).

Note: If you use the reference number to register, you do not have to wait for the DBS certificate to arrive, but you must use it within 28 days of your application.

6) Receive your DBS certificate

• Keep the physical certificate safe.

If you forgot to register your Update Service, you can do it within 30 days of receiving your certificate, using your certificate number instead of your application reference number.

This is the number located at the top right-hand side of your certificate (the “certificate number”). To subscribe using your certificate number, your certificate must have been issued within the last 30 days.

7) Upload your DBS certificate photo/scan

Upload your certificate online to your TfL PHV driver application

8) Ongoing requirement after you subscribe

TfL checks that you are registered to the DBS Update Service every 6 months. Ensure your subscription is active by paying your subscription fee annually.

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Can you use an existing DBS?

Yes — an existing DBS from another PHV licence or application may be accepted if it meets all TfL requirements.

Your DBS must:

• Be an Enhanced DBS
• Include checks against both the Adults’ and Children’s Barred Lists
• Include:
  • Convictions, cautions, reprimands and warnings
  • Section 142 Education Act information
  • Any other relevant information disclosed at Chief Police Officer(s) discretion
• Be for the position:
  “Other Workforce – Taxi/Private Hire driver”
• Be issued within the last 4 months
• Include all current and previous names, including aliases or shortened names
• Be applied for through:
  • TfL’s authorised DBS provider, or
  • Another Taxi & Private Hire licensing authority

If using an existing DBS, you should already be subscribed to the DBS Update Service, or register within 30 days of receiving the certificate.

Common reasons applications get delayed

1. Using the wrong DBS provider
2. Incorrect or unclear ID uploads
3. Names not matching across documents
4. Not joining the DBS Update Service in time
5. DBS Update Service subscription expiring

SERU stands for Safety, Equality & Regulatory Understanding. It is a TfL assessment that checks you understand the rules, safety responsibilities, and equality and safeguarding duties expected of TfL private hire (PHV/PCO) drivers.

Test length and structure

• 60 minutes total time
• 36 questions in total
• Computer-based assessment
• Open book (handbook provided at the test centre)

What is the SERU assessment?

• A computer-based knowledge assessment for London PHV drivers.
• It is based on the official TfL PHV Driver’s Handbook.
• The assessment is open book. You are given a copy of the handbook at the test centre.

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How to pass (simple, effective plan)

1. Read the official handbook properly
   • SERU is based directly on it, and you will use it in the test (open book).
2. Practise in the official format
   • Do timed mock tests so you learn how to find answers fast in the handbook.
   • If you want a full step-by-step prep program, use the TfL SERU Online Course.
3. Focus on fill-in-the-blank accuracy
   • Unanswered blanks are marked incorrect, so always attempt every blank.
   • If you’ve failed before, your fastest improvement usually comes from heavy fill-in-the-blank practice.
   • Use the SERU Fill in the Blanks Questions pack for targeted practice.
4. Do full mocks under exam timing
   • 60 minutes, no distractions.
   • Review mistakes and re-check the relevant handbook sections.
   • Use the official-format TfL SERU Mock Test Pack to practise in the closest style to the real exam.

Who has to take it?

• All new PHV licence applicants (you cannot get a PHV licence without passing SERU).
• Existing PHV drivers may also need to pass SERU as part of licensing requirements (especially if you were licensed before SERU was introduced).

When do you need to take it?

• For new applicants: after you submit your PHV application and before TfL can issue your licence.
• For existing drivers: you must pass before TfL renew your licence.

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Question types

• 22 Multiple Choice questions (MCQs)
• 12 Fill-in-the-blank (dropdown format)
• 2 Reading & Understanding (short passages with questions)

Pass mark

• 60%
• That means at least 23 out of 36 correct.

Attempts

• New applicants: up to 3 attempts.
• Existing drivers: unlimited attempts (as long as you attend).

Costs

• First attempt: £40
• Resit: £30

Quick FAQ

• Can I skip and return to questions? Yes.
• Do you get partial marks on fill-in-the-blanks? Yes, partial credit is awarded for partially correct answers.
• Can I use pen and paper? No.

Test length and structure

• Total time is 70 minutes.
• Computer based
• 24 questions

The TfL Topographical Skills Assessment (often called TOPO) is a map-reading and route-planning test for PHV applicants. It checks whether a driver can read on-screen maps properly, find locations quickly, and plan legal, sensible routes across London.

How to prepare (and pass first time)

The fastest way to improve is to practise exactly what the test asks you to do: route planning rules, timed MCQs, and On-screen maps reading.

A structured option is the TfL Topographical Course Package, which is a self-study course covering all question types, including route planning practice with video solutions, On-screen map reading question practice, and full mock tests.

During the exam, remember you are allowed to skip questions and return to them later, so do not get stuck too long on one question early on.

One-to-one Topographical training (route planning help)

For students who need extra support (for example, basic English, failed once, or need help using the computer), there is one-to-one Topographical training.

The one-to-one lessons focus on route planning only. They are delivered 100% online in a live classroom with screen sharing, so the instructor can see the screen and guide the student in real time. Lessons are typically one hour each, and many students need around 7 hours total depending on level and progress.

These lessons do not include self-practice access outside of lesson time, so students who want extra practice usually combine lessons with a self-study course.

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Question types in details (and what they test)

You will typically see three areas:

Route planning tasks: These check whether you can plan a route between two places using correct rules. Route planning is the most important part of the exam, because it is worth the majority of the marks.

Compass and direction questions: These test basic direction skills (North, South, East, West) and how junctions and roads relate to each other.

On-Screen Map question: These test require you to find information on the map by reading the map.

Test format (what happens on the day)

The assessment is a practical, computer-based test. You will use a computer at the test centre and you will also be given an A-Z Master Atlas of Greater London during the exam. It is open book, but sat-nav is not allowed because TfL wants to test real map skills. Pen and paper are not allowed, but you can request a magnifying glass if needed.

The test lasts 70 minutes and contains 24 questions. These are a mix of route planning tasks and multiple choice questions based on compass directions and on-screen map reading.

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Who needs to take the Topographical test?

Most new PHV driver applicants need to pass the Topographical test, unless they qualify for an exemption (for example, already being a licensed London Taxi driver).

When do you take it?

You usually take the Topographical test after submitting your PHV licence application and before TfL can issue your licence. You book it through your TfL portal once you are invited.

Where is the test held?

The Topographical assessment is held at TfL-approved test centres, and candidates book through their TfL portal account.

Pass mark (and how the marks work)

You need 60% to pass. Not all questions are worth the same.

Route planning carries most of the marks (around 66% of the total). Compass questions are typically worth more than A-Z multiple choice questions, so the best strategy is to treat route planning as the priority and avoid losing easy marks on compass questions.

Attempts and costs

Your first attempt typically costs £40 and a resit costs £30. Candidates usually have two attempts. If both are failed, TfL may require the applicant to restart the licence application process.

Are you thinking of becoming an Uber driver in London? Have you wondered if it will be worth your time? Now you can get an estimate of what your earnings may look like based exactly on your circumstances—such as the hours you’ll work or the car you’ll drive. It will also give you an idea of the costs.

What you’ll find out

The calculator shows you:

• How much you could earn per week and per hour
• What your vehicle will cost (including insurance)
• Your actual take-home pay after all expenses

All estimates are based on real data from 200 London drivers in 2025, so you’re getting realistic figures, not guesswork.

How it works

Simply tell the calculator:

• How many hours per week you plan to work (20–90 hours)
• When you’ll be working (early mornings, afternoons, evenings, late nights—you can pick multiple times)
• Whether you’ll work weekends
• What type of car you’ll drive (Normal like Prius or Kia Niro, Executive like Mercedes E Class, or 7 Seater like Hyundai Santa Fe)

The calculator then shows you exactly what you could earn based on your specific situation.

What you need to know

Hourly earnings are based on online time—meaning the time you’re logged into the apps, not just when you’re actively driving. This includes time waiting for rides, time driving between pickups, and quieter periods. This gives you a realistic picture of what you’ll actually earn when you’re online with Uber, Bolt, Wheely, or Exec.

The data comes from 200 London drivers in 2025 and reflects current rates, TfL requirements, and real-world costs across all these platforms.

Try it now

Use the calculator to see your potential earnings. It takes less than a minute, and you’ll get a clear breakdown of what you could earn based on your exact circumstances.

Open the Uber Earnings Calculator

This is the most up to date version of the handbook, as of today,

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Download handbook

Please note that the Handbook does not contain any questions or answers.

You can find Official Format Tfl SERU questions here

Handbook for PHV Drivers

The PHV Driver’s Handbook serves as a practical guide for PHV drivers, offering invaluable assistance.

The Handbook is subject to periodic review and may undergo alterations or amendments to align with any legal modifications or changes in TfL policies and guidance.